This article is written by Purushottam Ojha.
Agriculture has remained the mainstay of Nepali economy as it contributes 33 percent to Gross Domestic Product and provides livelihood to 80 percent of the population. Agricultural trade still occupies an important place in the total exports of Nepal. Pulses, tea, coffee, large cardamom, ginger, Niger seeds and medicinal herbs and extracts are some of the important products being exported to India and to the third countries. However, the export process is becoming difficult over time due to application of non-tariff barriers by the importing countries mainly related to quarantine regulations, stringent quality parameters, pesticides residue monitoring, grading, packaging and others.
Agriculture is at the forefront of the trade and development debate of Doha Round of World Trade Organization (WTO). High tariff wall in market entry and trade distorting subsidies are the major bones of contention between developed and developing countries and the issue still remain unresolved. The developing countries, particularly the least developed ones, are unable to provide subsidies to farmers and their investment in agriculture sector has remained low due to paucity of resources. At the same time, increasing output in agriculture has become a baffling task due to degradation of resources, climate change and urban expansion. Nepal runs an additional risk of losing agriculture production due to the movement of the labor force to outside the country as migrant workers.
Nepal bought out a new Trade Policy in 2009 that replaced the policy of 1992. Agriculture has remained a priority sector of the economy as reflected in the current periodic plan and given its role in poverty alleviation, the trade policy aims at promoting exports of agricultural products and creating a win-win situation for farmers, exporters and importers. The new trade policy aims at supporting the economic development and poverty alleviation initiatives through the enhanced contribution of trade sector to the national economy. The policy and strategies has given focus on development of agriculture and non-timber forest products, mainly comprising of tea, coffee, large cardamom, ginger, lentils, honey, cut flowers, fruits, vegetables, processed leathers, medicinal herbs and handmade papers. The policy has outlined measures for development of these products along the value chain in a bid to optimize benefits from exports.
Transporting agriculture inputs and harvested products is still a nightmare and thus there is a need for increasing investment in road construction. We must pay particular attention to link rural roads with national highways.
The trade policy has outlined general cross-cutting and product-specific measures in order to support and facilitate trade right from production to market in a farm-to-fork approach. The main cross-cutting measures as outlined in the policy includes creating a product development fund to provide support for production, transportation and storage, establishing integrated services centers for providing technical support to the producers, providing bonded warehouse facility to imports of packaging materials, creating export trading houses, and waiver of fees and local taxes on transportation.
One of the key issues related to product development and export relates to protection of intellectual property rights of Nepali products. Agricultural products like tea, coffee and medicinal herbs (eg, taxus baccata) can be protected by registering the Geographical Indication (GI) while bio-diversity mapping and registration of trade marks and patent based on such mapping would be essential to protect indigenous products. This requires enhancing institutional, legal and human resources capacity at the national level to harness benefit from the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement of WTO.
Contract farming and commercialization of agriculture are important steps to achieve economies of scale and enhance productive capacity of the sector. Suitable legislation is a precondition to this, which can be carefully carved out without undermining the interest of small farmers. The trade policy suggests insulating the small farmers from the vulnerability of competition by adopting cooperative farming. Foreign importers may be encouraged to invest in the production process by investing in agriculture production and contract farming. Creating adequate quality infrastructures for test and certification and their accreditation are important steps in addressing the issues of non-tariff barriers and require redoubling efforts from what is put at present.
Lack of transport facilities is impeding the growth of the potential products as many pocket areas in the hills and mountains are still not connected to road network. Transporting agriculture inputs and harvested products is still a nightmare and thus there is a need for increasing investment in road construction. We must pay particular attention to link rural roads with national highways. Additional infrastructures like cold warehouse and creation of cold supply chain are essential to encourage the trade of green and perishable items.
Availability of capital and technology at the farm level is very important to boost production. The policy assures the availability of soft loan and extension services to the farmers as an incentive for production. The agriculture extension services in Nepal have ceased to be effective since late 1990s due to conflict in the country. The revival of extension services should focus on export potential products as a quick win solution. Promotion of organic farming and implementation of organic certification scheme are equally important for utilization of market access opportunities as there is greater demand of organic foods in the international markets. Support to producers on post-harvest management such as sorting, grading, packing and storing are significant in order to minimize post-harvest losses of crops.
Sales of value-added products are of paramount importance to the growers and producers as they entail more income and employment opportunities. Nepal is committed to providing adequate support and incentives in import and installation of processing equipment and machineries. Promotion of Nepali products in the international market has been considered as an effective tool of marketing and the government will take a two-pronged approach—first providing support to the private sector for effective participation in international trade fairs and second, mobilizing Nepali missions abroad in disseminating information on Nepali products and services.
The trade policy has also emphasized on coordinated implementation by the government and private sector agencies for improving the competitive capacity of the export potential products on a sector-wide basis. The focus will be to move to higher value chain of each product right from the production to market and improvement in logistics ensuring that the benefits of exports reach to the farmers at the grassroot level.
The trade policy has clearly indicated the path of reducing poverty and achieving sustainable economic growth by promoting agriculture trade, instilling the idea of inclusive development. The notion of welfare promoting development process can be taken forward with the implementation of the policy. However, it requires a strong coordination mechanism, enhanced institutional capacity and adequate resources and most importantly a strong political commitment.
(Writer is Secretary, Ministry of Commerce and Supplies.)
मंगलवार, 25 मई 2010
शनिवार, 22 मई 2010
किया ने घर पर रोजगारीके यी अवसर प्रयोग करी
किछए दिन पर्ूव मित्र सभ संगक बैसारमे यी बात आएल जे रोजगारीक कोनो अवसर मिथिला नहि उत्पन्न भ रहल अछि जाहिसं यूवासभमे समाज आ अप्पन जिनगी प्रति जिम्मेवारीताके अभाव आवि रहल अछि । यी बात हमरा सोरहो आना साच लागल, पैछला किछ साल सं हम मिथिलाञ्चलक नेपाल भू भागक बहुत भ्रमण कएने छि आ यी बात सभठमक समस्या अछि से बुझवामे कनिको दिक्कत नहि बुझाएल । नेपाल दिसं नवयूवक सभक लेल विदेश जएनाई एहन परम्परा बनि गेल अछि जे कनेक छटिगर होइत देरि ओ लोेकनि पासपोर्ट बनेबामे लागि जाइत छथि आ फेर किछु घुसघास द क अप्पन नागरिकता आ पासपोर्ट उमरि पहुंच सं पहिने बना लैत छथि । एहि सं एक टा बात त बहुत निक जका भ रहल छै जे गामघरमे आव सामान्य सं सामान्य परिवारके सेहो पहिने जका दे छाक भोजन करए ला आब बेसि सोच नहि पडैत छेै । लोक जे विदेश जा क अबैत छथि ओ लोकनि शिक्षाक प्रति बेसि सजग रहैत छथि आ अप्पन बाल बच्चाक शिक्षामे बेसि संजिदा भ क लगानी करैत छथि । आम सञ्चार आ सञ्चारमे लोकक पहुंच बढलैक अछि ।
देशक आर्थिक लाभमे सेहो एकर बहुत बडका योगदान रहल अछि । लोकक जिनगीक स्तर बढि रहल छै एकरा संगे लोक बेसि एडभान्स भ रहल छथि । मुदा एकर दोसर दिसं ततबे बेसि एकर असर सेहो समाजमे देखल जा रहल अछि । लोक कतेक दुःख सं पाइ कमबैत छथि ओतबे आसानीसं घरक लोक पाइ उडा रहल छथि आ किछ दिन बाद जखन जवानी संग देनाइ छोडि दैत छै तखन बचत पर्याप्त नहि रहैत छन्हि आ फेर जिनगी ओहिना चल लगैत छै, जेना विदेश जेवा सं पहिने छलैक । दाम्पत्य जिवन सेहो तेहने रहि जाइत छै, मुश्किल सं ३ सालमे ३ महिनामे लोक घर रहि पबैत छथि । दोसर तरफ जे लोक गामघरमे रहैत छथि ताहिमे किछु खेतिपाति करैत छथि आ बहुत ओहिना गाम घरमे तास खेलक दिन काटि लैत छथि । स्थानिय स्तरमे रोजगारीके कोनो निक इन्तजाम नहि भेलासं किछु खुराफात लोग हतियार बन्द संगठनमे सेहो लागि जाइत छथि । एहि स जे किछु होइ मिथिलाक यूवा सभक एकटा बहुत पैघ हिस्सा अनुत्पादकतामे समय व्यतित क दैत अछि । एहिक लेल एक टा छोट छिन बजेटिङ्ग हमरा सभ बनेने रहि जे किछु ठाम प्रयोग करबा लेल प्रयास भ रहल अछि से पोस्टिङ्ग कएने छि
देशक आर्थिक लाभमे सेहो एकर बहुत बडका योगदान रहल अछि । लोकक जिनगीक स्तर बढि रहल छै एकरा संगे लोक बेसि एडभान्स भ रहल छथि । मुदा एकर दोसर दिसं ततबे बेसि एकर असर सेहो समाजमे देखल जा रहल अछि । लोक कतेक दुःख सं पाइ कमबैत छथि ओतबे आसानीसं घरक लोक पाइ उडा रहल छथि आ किछ दिन बाद जखन जवानी संग देनाइ छोडि दैत छै तखन बचत पर्याप्त नहि रहैत छन्हि आ फेर जिनगी ओहिना चल लगैत छै, जेना विदेश जेवा सं पहिने छलैक । दाम्पत्य जिवन सेहो तेहने रहि जाइत छै, मुश्किल सं ३ सालमे ३ महिनामे लोक घर रहि पबैत छथि । दोसर तरफ जे लोक गामघरमे रहैत छथि ताहिमे किछु खेतिपाति करैत छथि आ बहुत ओहिना गाम घरमे तास खेलक दिन काटि लैत छथि । स्थानिय स्तरमे रोजगारीके कोनो निक इन्तजाम नहि भेलासं किछु खुराफात लोग हतियार बन्द संगठनमे सेहो लागि जाइत छथि । एहि स जे किछु होइ मिथिलाक यूवा सभक एकटा बहुत पैघ हिस्सा अनुत्पादकतामे समय व्यतित क दैत अछि । एहिक लेल एक टा छोट छिन बजेटिङ्ग हमरा सभ बनेने रहि जे किछु ठाम प्रयोग करबा लेल प्रयास भ रहल अछि से पोस्टिङ्ग कएने छि
Try this guyz......
Try This One…………
1. Dairy Farming:
Cost Budgeting:
House:
One cattle's house with attached store room for food and accessories will be constructed.
- 2500 square feet, concrete foundation with bamboo wall and covered by Alabaster.
- will need lump sum amount of Rs. 2, 50, 000
Feeder:
- Rs. 25,000 for 15 cattle's capacity
Land:
- 10 kattha Land for grass cropping @ rs. 2, 000 per annum = Rs. 20, 000
Food:
Readymade Food:
@ 2 kgs. Per cow, daily need of feed 2× 10 cow = 20 kgs per day
- 6 quintal per month – 72 quintal per year = 72 quintal @ of Rs, 2200 per quintal = Rs. 1, 58, 400
Home made food:
- Hay and grains:
o Hay and grains = Rs. 50, 000
o Mixture = Rs. 40, 000
Green Grass plantation and cutting:
- Rs. 30, 000 per annum which includes cultivation, fertilizers and cutting
Water and Electricity:
- 1.5 Horse power Water Pump = Rs. 4, 000
- 50 unit per months for lighting in cattle house and pumping water = Rs. 8 × 50 units = Rs. 400
- For one year Rs. 400 × 12 = Rs. 4800
- Water Tank of 1000 ltrs. = Rs. 4500
Medicines and Vaccine:
- @ Rs. 1000/Cow = Rs. 10, 000 (includes the cost of vaccines, medicines and doctor cost in average)
Labor:
- People need to manage whole the production. @ Rs. 5,500/ per person
= Rs. 11, 000
Feed Machine:
Rs. 12, 000 of one hay cutter machine
Container and Buckets:
- Rs. 10, 000 for milk container and buckets
Vehicle hire and fuel:
- Rs. 12, 000 for vehicle hire and motorbike fuel
Cattle:
- @ Rs. 50, 000/ cow and transportation cost Rs. 2, 000 per cow
= Rs. 52, 000 × 10 cows = Rs. 5, 20, 000
Tentative budgeting for 10 cows for one year
Particulars Quantity Rate (Rs.) Amount (Rs.)
Fixed Costs
Cattle 10 Cows 52,000 5, 20, 000
Infrastructure 1 2, 50, 000 2, 50, 000
Feeder 1 25, 000 25, 000
Machine and Pump 1 of each 12000+4000 16, 000
Land 10 Kattha @ 2000/ kattha 20, 000
Total (F) 8, 31, 000
Variable Cost
Food:
Ready made food 72 quintal 2, 200 1, 58, 400
Green Grass immeasurable 30, 000 30, 000
Hays and Grain Mixture immeasurable 1, 15, 000 90, 000
Others:
Water and Electricity 1 tank and Elec. 4800+4500 9, 300
Medicines and Vaccines 10 cows 1000 p.a. 10, 000
Labor 2 4500 9, 000
Container and Buckets 3+5 800+400 3, 600
Vehicle and Fuels 12 1000 12, 000
Total (V) 3, 28 ,400
Grand Total (F+V) 11, 59, 400
10% of Contingencies 1, 15, 940
Gross Total 12, 75, 340
Production Budgeting:
In average one cow gives 10 liters Milk per day and at least 10 months in a year. In this way if we assume 30 days in a month –
- 1 cow for 1 day = 10 liters
- 1 cow for 1 months = 10 × 30 = 300 liters
- 1 cow in one year = 300 liters × 10 months = 3, 000 liters
- 10 cows in one year = 3, 000 × 10 = 30, 000 liters
Production for the year
No. of Cows Per Day production Month (30days) Year (10 months)
1 10 liters 300 liters 3, 000 liters
10 100 liters 3, 000 liters 30, 000 liters
Production in Rs.
Rs. 36 per liter Rs. 3, 600 Rs. 1, 08, 000 Rs. 10, 80, 000
Rs. 40 per liter Rs. 4, 000 Rs. 1, 20, 000 Rs. 12, 00, 000
Total Profit of the year:
(Total revenue collected – (20% of Capital Cost as depreciation + 110% of Variable cost))
= (Rs. 12, 00, 000 – (15% of Rs. 8, 31, 000 + 110% of Rs. 3, 28, 400))
= (Rs. 12, 00, 000 – (Rs. 1, 24, 650 + Rs. 3, 61, 240))
= (Rs. 12, 00, 000 – Rs. 4, 85, 890)
= Rs. 7, 14, 110
Besides of this budgeting we will also get more cattle without paying any extra cost. We will also get organic fertilizer without paying any cost.
2. Poultry Farming:
Estimated cost for 5, 000 Chickens per annum
Land: 2 kattha @ Rs. 2, 000 = Rs. 4, 000
House: 1200 Sq. feet house with one store cum office room will need Rs. 2,00,000
Brooder: 3 brooders will be needed as one brooder covers 200 hundreds of chicks. Will cost @ Rs. 1500 per brooder = Rs. 4, 500
Feeder: 10 feeder needed as its capacity is up to 50 chicks per piece. Will cost @ Rs. 600 = Rs. 6, 000
Water Feeder: 10 will be needed as its capacity is up to 50 chicks. Will cost @ Rs. 400 = Rs. 4, 000
Balancer: Rs. 1,000
Furniture: Rs. 2,000
Miscellaneous: Rs. 2,000 (includes communication)
One day chicks: Rs. 50 per chicks for 5000 chicks = 2, 50, 000
Vaccines: Rs. 5 per chicks for 5, 000 chicks = Rs. 25, 000
Labor: Rs. 5500 per months for 12 months = Rs. 66,000
Food: @ 4 Kgs. Per chicks for 5, 000 chicks = 20, 000 Kgs.
= 200 quintal @ Rs. 2300 per quintal = Rs. 4, 60, 000
Bhoos: Rs. 20, 000 for whole the year
Tentative budget for 5,000 chickens in one year.
Particulars Quantity Rate Amount (Rs.)
Fixed Costs:
Land 2 Kattha 2, 000 4, 000
House 1 2, 00, 000 2, 00, 000
Brooder 3 1, 500 4, 500
Feeder 10 600 6, 000
Water Feeder 10 400 4, 000
Balancer 1 1, 000 1, 000
Furniture 1 set 2, 000 2, 000
Total (F) 2, 21, 500
Variable Costs:
Chicks 5, 000 50 2, 50, 000
Vaccines 5, 000 5 25, 000
Labor 1 for 12 months 5, 500 66, 000
Food 200 quintal 2, 300 4, 60, 000
Bhoos 10 20, 000
Total (V) 8, 21, 000
Grand Total (F+V) 10, 42, 500
Contingencies (10%) 1, 04, 250
Gross Total 11, 46, 750
Production:
Total 10 lots will be produced including 500 chicks per lot. It takes 7-8 weeks to be ready for sale. Every chick will be grown up to 2 kgs in average.
Lot No. of Chickens Total Weight Rate Amount
1 500 1, 000 180 1, 80, 000
10 5000 10, 000 180 18, 00, 000
In this estimation we will collect some of Rs. 18, 00, 000 as Gross amount.
Total Profit of the year:
(Total revenue collected – (20% of Capital Cost as depreciation + 110% of Variable cost))
= (Rs.18, 00, 000 – (20% of Rs. 2, 21, 500 + 110% of Rs. 8, 01, 000))
= (Rs. 18, 00, 000 – (Rs. 44, 300 + Rs. 8, 81, 100))
= (Rs. 18, 00, 000 – Rs. 9, 25, 400)
= Rs. 8, 74, 600
3. Fishery
Land: 16 Kathha land @ Rs. 2, 000 per annum. Will Cost Rs. 32, 000
Pond: Skyvator @ Rs. 3, 000 per hour for 50 Hrs. Will cost Rs. 1, 50, 000
Boring: tentatively estimated Rs. 20, 000 with required pipe.
Pump Set: Rs. 20, 000 will be needed for 2.5 inch pump set with electrical setting
Fencing: Rs. 48, 000 need for fencing the compound with aluminums rope and concrete thumb.
House A store cum office room will be needed for taking care of the pond. Rs. 30, 000 will be needed for that.
Small fish: @ Re.1 per piece for 60, 000 piece = Rs. 60, 000
Pesticides: to purify the water and soil we will need to buy pesticides of Rs. 1, 000
Tractor Cost: Rs. 21, 000 for soil maintaining with Skyvetor
Equipment: Rs. 10, 000 (Includes net, feeder, fishery equipment)
Food: 150 quintal food material @ Rs. 2200 per quintal = Rs. 3, 30, 000
Labor: 2 staff needed @ Rs. 5, 500 per head for 12 months = Rs. 1, 32, 000
Fuel: Rs. 20, 000
Miscellaneous: Rs. 50, 000
Electricity: Rs. 5, 000 per annum
Tentative cost budget for 1 year.
Particulars Quantity Rate (Rs.) Amount (Rs.)
Fixed Costs:
Land 16 kattha 2, 000 32, 000
Pond digging 50 hrs. 3, 000 1, 50, 000
Boring 1 20, 000 20, 000
Pump Set 1 20, 000 20, 000
Fencing 16 Kathha 3, 000 48, 000
House 1 30, 000 30, 000
Equipments Many 10, 000 10,000
Tractor Cost For 3 days 7, 000 21, 000
Total Fixed Cost (F) 3, 31, 000
Variable Costs:
Labor 2 5, 500 for 12 months 1, 32, 000
Food 150 quintal 2200 per quintal 3, 30, 000
Fuel As per need(est.) 20, 000 20, 000
Small Fish 60, 000 piece 1 60, 000
Pesticides As per need 1, 000 1, 000
Miscellaneous Petty cash 50, 000 50, 000
Electricity As per need 5, 000/ p.a. 5, 000
Total Variable Costs (V): 5, 98, 000
Grand Total (F+C) 9, 29, 000
10% Contingencies 92, 900
Gross Total Costs: 1021900
In average 20 quintal fish will be produced in one kattha. This estimate is for 12 kattha land which means the total production will be about 240 quintal in eight months of starting. The retail price of Catfish is above Rs. 150 per kg. Here we assume to sale in wholesale rate of Rs. 100.
The total selling price of Fish will be = Rs. 100 × (240 ×100)) = Rs. 24, 00, 000
Total Profit of the year:
(Total revenue collected – (20% of Capital Cost as depreciation + 110% of Variable cost))
= (Rs. 24, 00, 000 – (20% of Rs. 3, 31, 000 + 6, 57, 800))
= (Rs. 24, 00, 000 – Rs. 7, 24, 000)
= Rs. 16, 76, 000
1. Dairy Farming:
Cost Budgeting:
House:
One cattle's house with attached store room for food and accessories will be constructed.
- 2500 square feet, concrete foundation with bamboo wall and covered by Alabaster.
- will need lump sum amount of Rs. 2, 50, 000
Feeder:
- Rs. 25,000 for 15 cattle's capacity
Land:
- 10 kattha Land for grass cropping @ rs. 2, 000 per annum = Rs. 20, 000
Food:
Readymade Food:
@ 2 kgs. Per cow, daily need of feed 2× 10 cow = 20 kgs per day
- 6 quintal per month – 72 quintal per year = 72 quintal @ of Rs, 2200 per quintal = Rs. 1, 58, 400
Home made food:
- Hay and grains:
o Hay and grains = Rs. 50, 000
o Mixture = Rs. 40, 000
Green Grass plantation and cutting:
- Rs. 30, 000 per annum which includes cultivation, fertilizers and cutting
Water and Electricity:
- 1.5 Horse power Water Pump = Rs. 4, 000
- 50 unit per months for lighting in cattle house and pumping water = Rs. 8 × 50 units = Rs. 400
- For one year Rs. 400 × 12 = Rs. 4800
- Water Tank of 1000 ltrs. = Rs. 4500
Medicines and Vaccine:
- @ Rs. 1000/Cow = Rs. 10, 000 (includes the cost of vaccines, medicines and doctor cost in average)
Labor:
- People need to manage whole the production. @ Rs. 5,500/ per person
= Rs. 11, 000
Feed Machine:
Rs. 12, 000 of one hay cutter machine
Container and Buckets:
- Rs. 10, 000 for milk container and buckets
Vehicle hire and fuel:
- Rs. 12, 000 for vehicle hire and motorbike fuel
Cattle:
- @ Rs. 50, 000/ cow and transportation cost Rs. 2, 000 per cow
= Rs. 52, 000 × 10 cows = Rs. 5, 20, 000
Tentative budgeting for 10 cows for one year
Particulars Quantity Rate (Rs.) Amount (Rs.)
Fixed Costs
Cattle 10 Cows 52,000 5, 20, 000
Infrastructure 1 2, 50, 000 2, 50, 000
Feeder 1 25, 000 25, 000
Machine and Pump 1 of each 12000+4000 16, 000
Land 10 Kattha @ 2000/ kattha 20, 000
Total (F) 8, 31, 000
Variable Cost
Food:
Ready made food 72 quintal 2, 200 1, 58, 400
Green Grass immeasurable 30, 000 30, 000
Hays and Grain Mixture immeasurable 1, 15, 000 90, 000
Others:
Water and Electricity 1 tank and Elec. 4800+4500 9, 300
Medicines and Vaccines 10 cows 1000 p.a. 10, 000
Labor 2 4500 9, 000
Container and Buckets 3+5 800+400 3, 600
Vehicle and Fuels 12 1000 12, 000
Total (V) 3, 28 ,400
Grand Total (F+V) 11, 59, 400
10% of Contingencies 1, 15, 940
Gross Total 12, 75, 340
Production Budgeting:
In average one cow gives 10 liters Milk per day and at least 10 months in a year. In this way if we assume 30 days in a month –
- 1 cow for 1 day = 10 liters
- 1 cow for 1 months = 10 × 30 = 300 liters
- 1 cow in one year = 300 liters × 10 months = 3, 000 liters
- 10 cows in one year = 3, 000 × 10 = 30, 000 liters
Production for the year
No. of Cows Per Day production Month (30days) Year (10 months)
1 10 liters 300 liters 3, 000 liters
10 100 liters 3, 000 liters 30, 000 liters
Production in Rs.
Rs. 36 per liter Rs. 3, 600 Rs. 1, 08, 000 Rs. 10, 80, 000
Rs. 40 per liter Rs. 4, 000 Rs. 1, 20, 000 Rs. 12, 00, 000
Total Profit of the year:
(Total revenue collected – (20% of Capital Cost as depreciation + 110% of Variable cost))
= (Rs. 12, 00, 000 – (15% of Rs. 8, 31, 000 + 110% of Rs. 3, 28, 400))
= (Rs. 12, 00, 000 – (Rs. 1, 24, 650 + Rs. 3, 61, 240))
= (Rs. 12, 00, 000 – Rs. 4, 85, 890)
= Rs. 7, 14, 110
Besides of this budgeting we will also get more cattle without paying any extra cost. We will also get organic fertilizer without paying any cost.
2. Poultry Farming:
Estimated cost for 5, 000 Chickens per annum
Land: 2 kattha @ Rs. 2, 000 = Rs. 4, 000
House: 1200 Sq. feet house with one store cum office room will need Rs. 2,00,000
Brooder: 3 brooders will be needed as one brooder covers 200 hundreds of chicks. Will cost @ Rs. 1500 per brooder = Rs. 4, 500
Feeder: 10 feeder needed as its capacity is up to 50 chicks per piece. Will cost @ Rs. 600 = Rs. 6, 000
Water Feeder: 10 will be needed as its capacity is up to 50 chicks. Will cost @ Rs. 400 = Rs. 4, 000
Balancer: Rs. 1,000
Furniture: Rs. 2,000
Miscellaneous: Rs. 2,000 (includes communication)
One day chicks: Rs. 50 per chicks for 5000 chicks = 2, 50, 000
Vaccines: Rs. 5 per chicks for 5, 000 chicks = Rs. 25, 000
Labor: Rs. 5500 per months for 12 months = Rs. 66,000
Food: @ 4 Kgs. Per chicks for 5, 000 chicks = 20, 000 Kgs.
= 200 quintal @ Rs. 2300 per quintal = Rs. 4, 60, 000
Bhoos: Rs. 20, 000 for whole the year
Tentative budget for 5,000 chickens in one year.
Particulars Quantity Rate Amount (Rs.)
Fixed Costs:
Land 2 Kattha 2, 000 4, 000
House 1 2, 00, 000 2, 00, 000
Brooder 3 1, 500 4, 500
Feeder 10 600 6, 000
Water Feeder 10 400 4, 000
Balancer 1 1, 000 1, 000
Furniture 1 set 2, 000 2, 000
Total (F) 2, 21, 500
Variable Costs:
Chicks 5, 000 50 2, 50, 000
Vaccines 5, 000 5 25, 000
Labor 1 for 12 months 5, 500 66, 000
Food 200 quintal 2, 300 4, 60, 000
Bhoos 10 20, 000
Total (V) 8, 21, 000
Grand Total (F+V) 10, 42, 500
Contingencies (10%) 1, 04, 250
Gross Total 11, 46, 750
Production:
Total 10 lots will be produced including 500 chicks per lot. It takes 7-8 weeks to be ready for sale. Every chick will be grown up to 2 kgs in average.
Lot No. of Chickens Total Weight Rate Amount
1 500 1, 000 180 1, 80, 000
10 5000 10, 000 180 18, 00, 000
In this estimation we will collect some of Rs. 18, 00, 000 as Gross amount.
Total Profit of the year:
(Total revenue collected – (20% of Capital Cost as depreciation + 110% of Variable cost))
= (Rs.18, 00, 000 – (20% of Rs. 2, 21, 500 + 110% of Rs. 8, 01, 000))
= (Rs. 18, 00, 000 – (Rs. 44, 300 + Rs. 8, 81, 100))
= (Rs. 18, 00, 000 – Rs. 9, 25, 400)
= Rs. 8, 74, 600
3. Fishery
Land: 16 Kathha land @ Rs. 2, 000 per annum. Will Cost Rs. 32, 000
Pond: Skyvator @ Rs. 3, 000 per hour for 50 Hrs. Will cost Rs. 1, 50, 000
Boring: tentatively estimated Rs. 20, 000 with required pipe.
Pump Set: Rs. 20, 000 will be needed for 2.5 inch pump set with electrical setting
Fencing: Rs. 48, 000 need for fencing the compound with aluminums rope and concrete thumb.
House A store cum office room will be needed for taking care of the pond. Rs. 30, 000 will be needed for that.
Small fish: @ Re.1 per piece for 60, 000 piece = Rs. 60, 000
Pesticides: to purify the water and soil we will need to buy pesticides of Rs. 1, 000
Tractor Cost: Rs. 21, 000 for soil maintaining with Skyvetor
Equipment: Rs. 10, 000 (Includes net, feeder, fishery equipment)
Food: 150 quintal food material @ Rs. 2200 per quintal = Rs. 3, 30, 000
Labor: 2 staff needed @ Rs. 5, 500 per head for 12 months = Rs. 1, 32, 000
Fuel: Rs. 20, 000
Miscellaneous: Rs. 50, 000
Electricity: Rs. 5, 000 per annum
Tentative cost budget for 1 year.
Particulars Quantity Rate (Rs.) Amount (Rs.)
Fixed Costs:
Land 16 kattha 2, 000 32, 000
Pond digging 50 hrs. 3, 000 1, 50, 000
Boring 1 20, 000 20, 000
Pump Set 1 20, 000 20, 000
Fencing 16 Kathha 3, 000 48, 000
House 1 30, 000 30, 000
Equipments Many 10, 000 10,000
Tractor Cost For 3 days 7, 000 21, 000
Total Fixed Cost (F) 3, 31, 000
Variable Costs:
Labor 2 5, 500 for 12 months 1, 32, 000
Food 150 quintal 2200 per quintal 3, 30, 000
Fuel As per need(est.) 20, 000 20, 000
Small Fish 60, 000 piece 1 60, 000
Pesticides As per need 1, 000 1, 000
Miscellaneous Petty cash 50, 000 50, 000
Electricity As per need 5, 000/ p.a. 5, 000
Total Variable Costs (V): 5, 98, 000
Grand Total (F+C) 9, 29, 000
10% Contingencies 92, 900
Gross Total Costs: 1021900
In average 20 quintal fish will be produced in one kattha. This estimate is for 12 kattha land which means the total production will be about 240 quintal in eight months of starting. The retail price of Catfish is above Rs. 150 per kg. Here we assume to sale in wholesale rate of Rs. 100.
The total selling price of Fish will be = Rs. 100 × (240 ×100)) = Rs. 24, 00, 000
Total Profit of the year:
(Total revenue collected – (20% of Capital Cost as depreciation + 110% of Variable cost))
= (Rs. 24, 00, 000 – (20% of Rs. 3, 31, 000 + 6, 57, 800))
= (Rs. 24, 00, 000 – Rs. 7, 24, 000)
= Rs. 16, 76, 000
गुरुवार, 20 मई 2010
कतय सं सुरु करु ?
बहुत दिन सं मनमे किछु बात सभ अबैत रहैय, कखनो बहुत खुशी त कखनो बुझाइए जे सबकिछु छोडिक कतौ पडाए जएतहुं । मुदा जिनगी बड ओझरायल होइत छै । चाहैत चाहैत किछ काज नहि क सकैत छि आ किछ काज ओहुना भ जाइत छै । आजुकाल्हि गाम सं बहुत दुर देशक राजधानीमे रहैत छी तें स्वभाविक छै जे अप्पन गामघर बड मोन पडैय....कखनो सोचैत छि कि हमर जिनगी अहिना वित जायत, जिनगीभरि नोकरी करैत रहब आ एहिना अप्पन समय बेचैत रहब तखन हमर जिनगीक कोन स्वकाज रु हमरा नहि भेने दुनियांके कोन काज थम्हि जेतै रु कोन काज नहि हेतै रु अप्पन मन एहिना मारैत रहब तखन एकदिन हमहुं चार्ल्स डिकेन्सके नोभल स्टोरी अफ नो वन्स भ क रहि जाएव...कि करु किछु समझमे नहि आवि रहल अछि तंए इ व्लग सुरु कएलहंु अछि..शुद्ध तिरहुतिया भाषामे...जे हमर कण कणमे सन्हियायल अछि । बहुत दिन सं सेहन्ता छल जे कहियो हमहुं किछ लिखतहुं आब शायद ओ पुरा हएत....किछ फोटो तिरहुतिया या सम्पर्ूण्ा मधेसक संग रखबे करब....जय मिथिला...जय मैथिल
सदस्यता लें
संदेश (Atom)
